生石灰和钙镁磷肥对晚稻生长及稻米镉含量的影响

为研究不同培肥措施对镉污染稻田的修复效果,采用小区试验的方法,研究了生石灰和钙镁磷肥及与化肥、有机肥配施对土壤镉有效性、水稻生长和稻米镉含量的影响。结果表明:施用生石灰、钙镁磷肥可以显著提高土壤pH值,其增幅为10.5%～16.1%,其中耦合石灰、钙镁磷肥和化肥(NPKML)处理增幅最大,达到16.1%,施用生石灰次之、钙镁磷肥增幅最小。有机肥与生石灰、有机肥与化肥和生石灰配施可使土壤有效镉含量降低7.9%～23.5%、使糙米的镉含量降低35.1%～47.5%,其中NPKML对两者的降低效果最佳。施用生石灰、钙镁磷肥等对水稻生长和稻谷品质没有显著影响。研究表明,有机肥、化肥、钙镁磷肥和石灰合理配施,对镉污染稻田修复具有较好的效果。     

Theoretical Analysis and Testing of Ground Treatment Using an Expansive Method in Very Thick Collapsible Loess

Through technological research of foundation treatments in the collapsible loess areas, we recommend a method of treating foundations in collapsible loess with quicklime piles. We set forth the basic principle of this expansive method. When a very thick foundation in collapsible loess is treated, the computational formula for the volume of expanding material in a quicklime pile is deduced based on cavity expansion theory. This theory is applied to engineering practice. Physical and mechanical properties of the compacted soil are tested. The result shows that the collapsibility of a foundation in loess has been eliminated, its physico mechanical indexes have been improved, and the soil compressibility and the modulus of compressibility also increase remarkably, demonstrating the correctness of the computation theory. The feasibility of the expansive method for very thick collapsible loess areas is further established.     

生石灰清塘后主要理化因子变化与鱼种适宜下塘时间的研究

通过对四川地区养殖池塘生石灰清塘后主要理化指标水温、pH值、溶解氧、COD、营养盐等的监测,探讨主要理化因子的变化特点。通过高pH值对岩原鲤鱼种的急性毒性试验,计算出岩原鲤鱼种对pH值的安全值为8.565。研究结果表明,把pH值作为生石灰清塘后确定鱼种下塘时间的主要指标是可行和适宜的。根据四川地区目前的清塘方式,鱼种的适宜下塘时间为清塘后第5 d。     

Dynamic Control Arithmetic and Modeling of Secondary Cooling System for ROKOP Billet Continuous Casting

A dynamic control arithmetic and mathematic model of secondary cooling system for ROKOP billet concasting has been developed in view of the changes of casting speed during concasting process and the high fluctuation of surface temperature due to the use of static control method. By means of computer simulation and by comparison between static and dynamic control method, it proves that the latter one is more adaptive to the changes of casting speed, which leads to lower fluctuation of surface temperature.     

大果沙棘全光照喷雾嫩枝扦插育苗试验

在全光照自动喷雾条件下,对大果沙棘嫩枝插条采用IBA、NAA、ABT-l号、ABT-2号4种植物生长调节剂,各3种浓度梯度的浸泡处理2 h,可明显促进插条生根。在供试的13种处理中,IBA 100 m g.L-1处理效果最好,生根率可达到98.8%。     

全光照喷雾四翅滨藜嫩枝扦插试验

全光照喷雾条件下四翅滨藜嫩枝扦插试验结果表明:影响四翅滨藜嫩枝扦插生根率、生根长度的主要因素为插穗类型及生长调节剂的种类。采用上部插穗,以质量分数为50~100mg·kg-1的NAA液处理,生根率达87.5%,生根长度为3.73cm;以枝条中部为插穗,用质量分数为200mg·kg-1的ABT1号生根粉液处理,生根量达24.5条·株-1。     

生石灰施用增加了酸性双季稻田氮素氨挥发损失

选择南方典型酸性双季稻田,采用通气法研究了不同生石灰用量对稻田氨挥发通量、田面水NH_4~+-N浓度和pH值的影响。结果表明:撒施生石灰显著影响稻田田面水NH_4~+-N浓度和pH值,生石灰用量与田面水NH_4~+-N浓度和田面水pH值之间均存在极显著正相关关系;撒施生石灰,显著增加稻田氮素氨挥发损失,早、晚稻季氨挥发损失量较不施生石灰处理分别增加2.20~22.91和3.08~52.44 kg/hm~2,增幅分别达19.28%~200.79%和6.96%~118.48%;当早、晚稻季分别施纯氮150和180 kg/hm~2时,撒施生石灰450~3 750 kg/hm~2,氨挥发损失量分别达13.61~34.32和47.34~96.70 kg/hm2,氮素损失率分别达7.44%~18.78%和21.66%~44.24%;当早、晚稻季生石灰用量分别超过900和1 800 kg/hm2时,稻田氨挥发显著增加。     

Effects of integrated combination and quicklime supplementation on growth and pearl yield of freshwater pearl mussel, Hyriopsis cumingii (Lea, 1852)

The effects of integrated combination and quicklime supplementation on growth and pearl yield of a freshwater mussel, Hyriopsis cumingii (Lea, 1852), were examined through a 137-day growout in land-based enclosures. The integrated combinations examined were either mussel, bighead carp and gibel carp or mussel and bighead carp. Each combination was treated either with or without quicklime supplementation. One half of the mussels in each enclosure were grafted with pieces of the mantle epithelium while the other half were not. During the experiment, gibel carp were fed formulated feed while the mussel and bighead carp were fed natural live food. Quicklime was regularly provided in the enclosures as calcium replenishment. The species composition in the integrated system significantly affected growth in shell size and wet weight of the mussels regardless of the graft and pearl yield, while no significant effects of quicklime supplementation were detected. Growth rates in shell size and wet weight of both grafted and non-grafted mussels and pearl yield were slightly higher in the enclosures with mussel, bighead carp and gibel carp than those with mussel and bighead carp, although these differences were not statistically significant. The non-grafted mussel exhibited faster growth in shell size and wet weight than the grafted mussel within the same treatment. Results of the present study indicate that species combination in an integrated system can affect growth and pearl yield of H. cumingii . The species combination of mussel, bighead carp and gibel carp is recommended for commercial H. cumingii farming.